Xylariaceae (Ascomycota) is a highly diverse and ecologically vital fungal family distributed worldwide. Members of this family exhibit varied ecological roles, functioning primarily as wood-decaying saprobes, endophytes inhabiting internal plant tissues, and occasionally as plant pathogens. Although numerous species of Xylariaceae have been documented from India, comprehensive regional investigations remain limited. The present study was conducted in three districts of Rajasthan namely Rajsamand, Sirohi and Udaipur which form an important part of the southern Aravalli range in the state of Rajasthan. These districts are characterised by diverse topography comprising hills, valleys, plains and forested landscapes, contributing to rich ecological and biological diversity. Field surveys were conducted during the winter seasons, from October 2024 to January 2026. Fungal specimens were collected from decaying wood substrates. In situ photographs were taken prior to collection, and detailed laboratory examinations were carried out using standard morphological and microscopic techniques. Diagnostic features—including stromatal morphology, the structure of asci and paraphyses, and ascospore size, shape, amyloid reaction, and germ slit characteristics—were carefully analysed. These observations were then compared with established taxonomic literature to ensure accurate identification. A total of four species belonging to three genera of Xylariaceae were identified: Rosellinia (one species), Anthostomella (one species), and Hypoxylon (two species). The species recorded include Rosellinia apiculate, Anthostomella spirilla, Hypoxylon cohaerens and Hypoxylon fuscum . This study establishes a foundational reference for future taxonomic, ecological, and molecular investigations of wood-inhabiting fungi within semi-tropical forest ecosystems of the southern Aravalli region of Rajasthan.