Precision Horticulture Approaches Using Smart Technologies, Artificial Intelligence, and Internet of Things

Precision horticulture is emerging as a transformative approach to modern crop production by integrating smart technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), and Internet of Things (IoT) systems to improve productivity, quality, and sustainability. Increasing demand for high-quality horticultural produce, coupled with challenges such as climate variability, labor shortages, and resource limitations, necessitates innovative management strategies. Smart sensors, automated monitoring systems, and data-driven decision tools enable precise management of water, nutrients, pests, and environmental conditions. Artificial intelligence enhances decision-making through predictive analytics and automation, while IoT networks facilitate real-time communication among farm devices and management systems. This article reviews precision horticulture concepts, smart technology applications, AI-driven solutions, and IoT-enabled management systems that collectively support sustainable horticultural production. Future prospects and implementation challenges are also discussed to provide a comprehensive overview of technology-driven horticultural advancement