Underutilized wild edible plants (WEPs) are accessible sources of macro- and micronutrients and bioactive phytochemicals for rural and tribal communities. This study documented and characterized 10 traditionally consumed WEPs of Gond, Govari, Mana, Pradhan and Halba communities in Bhandara district, Maharashtra. Species were selected through semi-structured interviews and free-listing with 96 key informants. Edible parts were evaluated for proximate composition, energy, minerals, ascorbic acid, phytochemicals, and antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP). Protein ranged from 6.8–28.4 g/100 g dry weight, fibre from 6.4–24.6 g/100 g and energy from 241.6–656.4 kcal/100 g. Maximum iron (52.6 mg/100 g) was recorded in Alternanthera sessilis, calcium (1120 mg/100 g) in Amaranthus spinosus, and ascorbic acid (142.4 mg/100 g) in Bauhinia variegata flower buds. Total phenolics ranged from 4.2–38.6 mg GAE/g and showed a strong correlation with FRAP (r = 0.912, p < 0.01). Senna tora exhibited the highest DPPH activity (IC50 = 28.4 µg/mL). Overall, the studied WEPs demonstrated substantial nutritional and phytochemical potential and may contribute to dietary diversification and nutritional security in rural communities when appropriately processed and consumed.