Marker-Assisted Selection [MAS] has revolutionized the field of crop breeding by facilitating the targeted selection of traits that improve drought resistance in wheat [Triticum aestivum L.]. Given the increasing impacts of climate change and water scarcity, ensuring the development of drought-tolerant wheat varieties is vital for global food security. This review comprehensively examines recent advances in MAS for drought resistance, including the identification of key quantitative trait loci [QTLs] associated with drought-tolerance traits such as root architecture, osmotic adjustment, and stomatal conductance. The advent of next-generation sequencing [NGS] and the discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] have contributed to more precise marker development and application in breeding programs. Case studies of successful breeding initiatives employing MAS and its integration with genomic selection and CRISPR-based gene-editing technologies are highlighted. The article also delves into the challenges of MAS implementation, including marker validation, genotype-environment interactions, and economic barriers. Strategies for overcoming these challenges, such as leveraging multi-location trials and enhanced bioinformatics tools, are discussed. Finally, the review anticipates future trends, advocating for a holistic approach combining MAS with genome-wide association studies [GWAS] and advanced phenotyping to accelerate the breeding of drought-resistant wheat varieties.