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Agronomy, the science of soil management and crop production, plays a crucial role in ensuring food security and sustainability. This review examines recent innovations in agronomy that contribute to sustainable crop production. Key areas of focus include precision agriculture, integrated pest management, crop breeding and biotechnology, soil health management, water conservation techniques, and climate-smart agriculture practices. By exploring these advancements, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how modern agronomic practices can enhance crop yields, improve resource use efficiency, and reduce environmental impacts.