Exploring the Antiviral Properties of Dietary Plant Extracts Against SARS-CoV-2: A Comprehensive Review

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has catalyzed a global surge in research aimed at identifying effective antiviral agents. Amidst the search for therapeutic solutions, dietary plant extracts have emerged as a promising area of study due to their rich bioactive compounds and established antiviral properties against various pathogens. This comprehensive review explores the potential of dietary plant extracts as antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2. It examines the mechanisms by which these extracts inhibit viral entry, replication, and spread, highlighting key compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and terpenoids. The review synthesizes current research findings from in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as clinical trials, to provide a holistic understanding of the efficacy and safety of these natural products. Additionally, it addresses the challenges and limitations associated with their use, including variability in bioactive compound concentrations and bioavailability issues. By consolidating existing knowledge and identifying gaps in research, this review aims to inform future studies and guide the development of plant-based antiviral therapies for COVID-19. Through a nuanced analysis of dietary plant extracts, this review underscores their potential as complementary agents in the fight against SARS-CoV-2, contributing to the broader landscape of pandemic response strategies. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, dietary plants, plant extracts, antiviral properties, prevention, therapeutic strategies.